Medicine for plants(Chemical fertilizer)

Along with the development in medicine and medical sciences for human, medcine for plants has also boosted and developed as human is dependent over plants for food and other various purposes.These medicines are called Chemical fertilizers as it's constituents are originated through synthetic means making non-degradable.These fertilizers or chemical helps to sustain reliable and hastened growth.
TYPES OF FERTILIZER:

1. Organic fertilizer-made from decayed or partially decayed organic materials.e.g-Compost,Manure,fish and bone meal,etc
2. Inorganic fertilizer

Here we will discuss about Inorganic/Chemical fertilizer
Generally these fertilizers are manufactured keeping in the mind the natural elements growthnutrients such as Nitrogen,Phosphorous,Potassium and various other.Once added to the soil, these nutrients fulfill the required demands of the plants and provide them the nutrients they naturally lacked or helps them to retain the lost nutrients.Chemical fertilizers work in a hastened manner and work their appropriate action on the plants in the required time-frame.Trusted for their fast and sure action,these chemical fertilizers are formulated and churned in precisely measured concentrations and combined with suitable elements and acids meant for different crops and plants.
Most Commonly used fertilizers:
Anhydrous Ammonia-a gas which contains 82% nitrogen
Urea-a solid compound containing 46% nitrogen gas
Superphosphate-proportioned amount of nitrogen and phosphate
Diammonium phosphate- contains 18% nitrogen and 46% phosphate
CAUTION:
 The fertilizer are harmful therefore should avoid any physical contact.Inhalation or consumption might cause severe injuries, allergies and even death
Advantages of chemical fertilizer are  that they are fast acting and provides measured quantities of requiremnents by plants.
Disadvantage

• Eutrophication: Overgrowth of aquatic vegetation and degradation of water quality  due to extra nitrogen accumulation
• Increased Acidity
• Loss of Bacteria

Antibiotic Medicines-Details of Antibiotic Resistance

Since the discovery of antibiotics, countless life has been saved.Antibiotics are very powerful drugs but they are not the cure for all that ails you.Antibiotics also known as Antimicrobial drugs are drugs fighting infections caused by Bacteria.They are not effective against viral infections such as common cold, sore throat or flu.
Today, almost all important bacterial infections throughout the world are becoming resistant,which is caused by over use or misuse of antibiotics.This resistance develops when potentially harmful bacteria change in a way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of antibiotics.Antibiotic resistance has been called one of the world's most pressing Public health problems.The proper use of antibiotics is only the key to control the spread of resistance.When a person is infected with an antibiotic resistant bacterium, not only treatment of that patient becomes more difficult,but the antibiotic-resistant bacterium may spread to other people.
Consequences when a antibiotic don't work can be:

• longer illness
• more complicated illness
• the use of stronger and expensive drugs
• more deaths caused by bacterial infections

Few examples of Antibiotics resistant  are as follows

1. Bacterium species causing skin infections
2. Bacteria causing Meningitis
3. Bacteria causing Sexually Transmitted Diseases
4. Bacteria causing Respiratory Tract Infections such as Pneumonia

Measures to be taken to control the further development of Antibiotic resistant are as follows:

• Complete the full course of the drug
• Do not skip the doses of the drug
• Do not save the antibiotics for future use,as they are meant for typical infection and time period
• Do not take the antibiotics prescribed for someone else
• Proper counselling with the health care professionals

Advance Medical Technology-Laser Therapy

Introduction: A laser is a light beam that can be  precisely focused, which is used to treat tissue by heating the targeted cells until they "burst".This method is called Laser therapy.Laser surgery is the medical procedure that uses the laser light to remove the diseased tissue or treat bleeding.The colour of light beam used is directly related to the type of surgery and colour of the tissue being treated.
Types of Laser:

1.  Carbon dioxide(co2) laser
2. Ytrium Aluminium Garnet(YAG) laser
3. Pulsed dye laser

Uses of Laser surgery

• close small blood vessels to reduce blood loss
• close lymph vessels to reduce swelling and decrease the spread of tumor cells
• close nerve endings to reduce pain that occurs after the surgery
• remove tumors such  as those in brain and liver.
• reduce skin wrinkles, scars and other  skin blemishes
• remove warts, moles and tattos
• remove hair

Risks of laser therapy

Possible risks of laser therapy includes following:

• bleeding might occur
• incomplete treatment of the problem
•  spread of infection in neighbouring cells
• pain
• scarring
• change in skin colour due to the side-effect of laser beam

Medicine and Cancer

Human civilization has been greatly threatened by the introduction of Cancer as a chronic disease.Though the medicine and medical sciences has developed so much,full treatment of cancer is still at large.Few cancers are curable,if found out in initial stage.But cancers are usually noticed only in second stage or final stage of infection ,which makes the treatment complex or sometimes incurable.Primary stage is curable,last two have less chance of curing.Treatment is very expensive and people have less knowledge about this Killer disease,which makes more people to die every second.
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body,also called Malignant Cells
Types of Cancer-

• Skin Cancer-caused by the exposure to the UltraVoilet,Gamma rays emitted by Sun or Radioactive elements
• Lung Cancer-caused by the exposure or inhaling of dust,smoke Especially from Smoking habit
• Leukemia/Blood cancer-caused by the dramatic increased number of White Blood Corpuscles which engulfs Red Blood Corpuscles, disturbing the balance between WBC and RBC in blood
• Female Cancer- includes Breast cancer,Uterine Cancer
• Lymphomas
• Head and Neck Cancer
• Bone Tumor /Bone Cancer
• Digestive Cancer
• Prostate Cancer

Treatment:

Chemotherapy- Use of differnt anti-cancer drugs/ chemicals:

• Altretamine(Hexalen)- for treatment of advance Ovarian Cancer
• Asparaginase(Elspar)-for treatment of refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia in combination with other drugs
• Bleomycin(Blenoxane)-for treatment of Testicular Cancer
• Chloambucil(Leukeran)-for treatment of Breast and ovarian Cancer
• Cisplatin(Platinol)-Head and Neck Cancer
• Cyclophosphamide(Cytoxan)- for treatment of  Lung Cancer
• Ethinyl estradiol(Estinyl)- for treating advance breast cancer in Post menopausal women, Prostate Cancer
• Methotrexate, Fluorouracil, Dexorubicin, Paclitaxel are also used in the treatment of the various types of cancer

Radiotherapy- this therapy uses emission of different radioactive rays such as gamma rays,beta rays in controlled manner to kill the malignant cells in the infected organ.

Medicine and Stroke

Stroke
 Definition-
Storke is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain, which is also often called a "Brain Attack"
Symptoms-
Symptoms of strokes depends upon what part of the brain is damaged, sometimes the patient is even unaware that he/she has had a storke.Symptoms are listed as below-

• Headache may occur esp.if the stroke is caused by bleeding in the brain,which starts suddenly and may be severe.It is most felt when changing in position, lying flat, wakes patient from sleep.
• Numbness or tingling on side of the body
• Problem with eyesight,hearing,and speech
• Changes in sensation,affecting the sensation of stimuli 

TREATMENT- CT-Scan to find out the cause of the stoke, whether it is from a clot or bleeding.
SHORT TERM

• Blood Thinners- Heparin or Warfarin(Coumadin),Asparin of clopidogrel(Palvin) are used for storke caused by Clot
• Piankillers to control severe headache
• Surgery is often required to treat the storke caused by bleeding for removal of blood aroun the brain and to repair damaged blood vessels

LONG TERM

• Occupational Therapy
• Physical Therapy
• Speech Therapy

Medicine- Plants Origin

The production of many medicine  is espcially from plants origin.Even traditional medicine or herbal is mostly derived from plants.

• Aspirin(Salicylic Acid)- used widely as the painkiller,derived from white willow bark and meadowsweet plant.
• Atropine-used to treat irregular heartbeats, derived from belladonna leaves
• Colchicine-used for gout, derived from autumn crocus.
• Digoxin(Lanoxin)- heart medication,derived from poisonous plant called Foxglove.
• Morphine and Codine-potent narcotics,derived from the opium poppy.
• Quinine-used to treat the malaria, derived from Cinchona bark.
• Vinblastine(Velban) and Vincristine(Oncovin)- anti-cancer drugs, derived from Periwinkle
• These are the only shortlist to mention but almost all of the medicine whether in Herbal or Modern Medicine are derived from Plants.

 Nature has gifted human beings with abundant source of the medicine indirectly such as the potassium present in the Banana and Apricot which helps in the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle.Citric acid and Abscorbic acid are found in citrus fruits,which helps in developments and strenthening of teeths also helps in skin toning.Leafy vegetables and yellow fruits are the main source of Vitamin-A, which helps in proper functioning of eye.

Ayurveda and it's history

According to the Archeologists human has been using plants for treatment dates back 30,000 to 50,000 years-maybe even longer.The traditional use of herbs as medicine varies, according to culture.In Asia especially India and China have rich culture of their curative virtues.The famous Greek physician Hippocrates(460-377 BC) often referred as the, "Father of Modern Medicine" and after whom Hippocratic oath is named, used many herbal remedies around 400 BC.He wrote,"Let your food be your medicine and your medicine be your food" Ayurveda, the ancient Indian herbal science in Sanskrit means 'Ayur'-life,'veda'-'knowledge' i.e, Science of life.Arogya(perfect health) is the state where 5 elements of human body-Fire,Water, Earth, Air and Ether are in equillibrium.Diseases occur when this equillibrium is disturbed.Ayurveda strives to tackle the cause of illness rather than merely alleviating the symptoms, which is based on the equillibrium between the body as physical, the soul as spiritual and mind as the psychological.Ayurveda has the history dating back before the human could note it.